UNNAMED WOMEN OF THE PROPHETS

JOSHUA

Wives (and children) of Two and a Half Tribes Josh 1:14

• “Joshua” (pp.63-66) by Danna Nolan Fewell in The Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1992)

Mother and Sisters of Rahab Josh 2:13, 18; 6:17, 22-25

• “Were Rahab’s Sisters Saved?” by Dr. Shira Golani

• “Remixed Gospel of Rahab: Who Are You Calling a Whore” by Wil Gafney

• “Rahab” by Julia M. O’Brien

• “Rahab: Bible” by Tikva Frymer-Kensky

Women of Jericho and Ai Josh 6:21; 8:25

• War in the Hebrew Bible: A Study in the Ethics of Violence by Susan Niditch (1993)

Daughters of Achan Josh 7:24

• "Obliterating Cherem” by Dr. HachamIsaac S. D. Sassoon

• War in the Hebrew Bible: A Study in the Ethics of Violence by Susan Niditch (1993)

• Joshua: A New Translation with Notes and Commentary by Robert G. Boling and G. Ernest Wright (1982)

Israelite Women in the Covenant Community Josh 8:35

• “False Weights in the Scale of Biblical Justice? Different Views of Women from Patriarchal Hierarchy to Religious Equality in the Book of Deuteronomy” (pp. 128-146) by Otto Eckart in Gender and Law in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East by Victor H. Matthews, Bernard M. Levinson, and Tikva Frymer-Kensky (2004)

• Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomic School by Moshe Weinfeld

Daughters of the Inhabitants of the Land as Marriage Partners Josh 23:12-13

• “From the Bible to the Talmud: The Prohibition of Intermarriage” by Shaye J.D. Cohen

• “The Captive Woman at the Intersection of War and Family Laws” by Dr. Rabbi David Resnick

• “Weddings and Marriage Traditions in Ancient Israel” by Tracy M. Lemos

JUDGES

Daughters of the Inhabitants of the Land as Marriage Partners Judg 3:5-6

• “From the Bible to the Talmud: The Prohibition of Intermarriage” by Shaye J.D. Cohen

• “The Captive Woman at the Intersection of War and Family Laws” by Dr. Rabbi David Resnick

• “Weddings and Marriage Traditions in Ancient Israel” by Tracy M. Lemos

Tent-Dwelling Women Judg 5:24

• Jael: Bible” by Tikva Frymer-Kensky, updated by Caryn Tamber-Rosenau

Mother of Sisera Judg 5:28-30

• “‘A Breeder or Two for Each Leader’: On Mothers in Judges 4 and 5” by Jack M. Sasson

• “The ‘Mothers’ Who Were Not: Motherhood Imagery and Childless Women Warriors in Early Jewish Literature” by Caryn Tamber-Rosenau

Wisest Ladies Judg 5:29-30

Girls as Booty Judg 5:30

• War in the Hebrew Bible: A Study in the Ethics of Violence by Susan Niditch (1993)

Mother of Gideon Judg 8:19

• Judges: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Robert G. Boling (1975)

Wives of Gideon Judg 8:30

• Judges: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Robert G. Boling (1975)

Concubine of Gideon (Jerubaal) Judg 8:31; 9:1, 3, 18

• “Concubine” by Susanne Scholz

• Judges: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Robert G. Boling (1975)

Women in the Tower of Shechem Judg 9:49

• Judges: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Robert G. Boling (1975)

Women in the Tower of Thebez Judg 9:51

• Judges: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Robert G. Boling (1975)

Woman of Thebez Judg 9:53-54

• “Women Warriors” by Caryn Tamber-Rosenau

• “Women and Violence in the Hebrew Bible” by Tamara Cohn Eskenazi

• Judges: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Robert G. Boling (1975)

Prostitute, Mother of Jephthah Judg 11:1-2

• “Prostitution” by Jennifer Knust (video)

• “Prostitution” (pp. 505-510) by Elaine Adler Goodfriend in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 5 (1992)

• Judges: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Robert G. Boling (1975)

Wife of Gilead Judg 11:2

• Judges: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Robert G. Boling (1975)

Daughter of Jephthah Judg 11:34-40

• “The Story of Jephthah: The Urge to Manipulate” by Prof. Jack M. Sasson

• “Murder They Wrote: Ideology and the Manipulation of Female Presence in Biblical Narrative” by J. Cheryl Exum

• “The Daughter of Jephthah: An Inhuman Sacrifice” (pp.93-118) in Texts of Terror: Literary-Feminist Readings of Biblical Narratives by Phyllis Trible (1985)

• “The Dark Stories (A Tribute to Victims of Violence)” by Rachel Held Evans

Companions of Jephthah's Daughter Judg 11:37-38

• “Daughter of Jephthah: Bible” by Karla Bohmbach

• “The Dark Stories (A Tribute to Victims of Violence)” by Rachel Held Evans

Daughters of Israel Lamenting Jephthah's Daughter Judg 11:40

• “Daughter of Jephthah: Bible” by Karla Bohmbach

• “The Place of Women in the Israelite Cultus” by Phyllis Bird (pp.3-20) in Women in the Hebrew Bible: A Reader edited by Alice Bach (1999)

• Warrior, Dancer, Seductress, Queen: Women in Judges and Biblical Israel by Susan Ackerman (1998)

• “The Dark Stories (A Tribute to Victims of Violence)” by Rachel Held Evans

Daughters and Daughters-in-Law of Ibzan Judg 12:9

• Judges: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Robert G. Boling (1975)

Younger Sister of Samson's Wife Judg 15:2

• “Samson” by A. Paige Rawson

• “Samson’s Women” (pp.61-93) in Fragmented Women: Feminist (Sub)versions of Biblical Narratives by J. Cheryl Exum(1993)

Prostitute of Gaza Judg 16:1-3

• “Samson” by A. Paige Rawson

• "Women in Samson's Life: Midrash and Aggadah" by Tamar Kadari

• “Samson's Blindness” by Kirsty L. Jones

• “Samson’s Women” (pp.61-93) in Fragmented Women: Feminist (Sub)versions of Biblical Narratives by J. Cheryl Exum(1993)

• “Prostitution in the Bible” by Jennifer Knust (video)

• “Prostitution” (pp. 505-510) by Elaine Adler Goodfriend in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 5 (1992)

Philistine Women Judg 16:27

• “The Philistines and Their Cities” by Aren M. Maeir

Mother of Micah Judg 17:1-4

• “The Place of Women in the Israelite Cultus” by Phyllis Bird (pp.3-20) in Women in the Hebrew Bible: A Reader edited by Alice Bach (1999)

• “Curses in the Hebrew Bible” by Brian M. Britt

Concubine (Secondary Wife) of a Levite Judg 19-20

• “Concubine” by Susanne Scholz

• “Concubine of a Levite: Bible” by Ken Stone

• “Women and Violence in the Hebrew Bible” by Tamara Cohn Eskenazi

• “The Story of the Concubine at Gibeah: A Satire on King Saul” by Prof. Sara Milstein

• “The Levite's Concubine” by Elaine Heath

• “An Unnamed Woman: The Extravagance of Violence” (pp. 65-92) in Texts of Terror: Literary-Feminist Readings of Biblical Narratives by Phyllis Trible (1984)

• “Raped by the Pen” (pp. 170-201) in Fragmented Women: Feminist (Sub)versions of Biblical Narratives by J. Cheryl Exum (1993)

• “‘Ravish Them and Do to Them Whatever You Want’:Delilah, The Levite’s Concubine, and Determining the Status of Men’s Lovers and Wives” (pp.216-253) in Warrior, Dancer, Seductress, Queen: Women in Judges and Biblical Israel by Susan Ackerman (1998)

Virgin Daughter of the Old Man of Gibeah Judg 19:24

• “Concubine of a Levite: Bible” by Ken Stone

• “An Unnamed Woman: The Extravagance of Violence” (pp. 65-92) in Texts of Terror: Literary-Feminist Readings of Biblical Narratives by Phyllis Trible (1984)

• “Raped by the Pen” (pp. 170-201) in Fragmented Women: Feminist (Sub)versions of Biblical Narratives by J. Cheryl Exum (1993)

Daughters of Israel as Potential Wives for Benjaminites Judg 21:7, 16-18

• “Remedying Biblical Trauma with a Festival of Love” by Dr. Rabbi Shraga Bar-On

• “‘When the Daughters of Shiloh Come Out to Dance in the Dances’: Wine, Women, and Song” (pp.253-287) in Warrior, Dancer, Seductress, Queen: Women in Judges and Biblical Israel by Susan Ackerman (1998)

Women of Jabesh-gilead Judg 21:10-14

• “Remedying Biblical Trauma with a Festival of Love” by Dr. Rabbi Shraga Bar-On

• “‘When the Daughters of Shiloh Come Out to Dance in the Dances’: Wine, Women, and Song” (pp.253-287) in Warrior, Dancer, Seductress, Queen: Women in Judges and Biblical Israel by Susan Ackerman (1998)

Young Women of Shiloh Judg 21:21-23

• “Remedying Biblical Trauma with a Festival of Love” by Dr. Rabbi Shraga Bar-On

• “‘When the Daughters of Shiloh Come Out to Dance in the Dances’: Wine, Women, and Song” (pp.253-287) in Warrior, Dancer, Seductress, Queen: Women in Judges and Biblical Israel by Susan Ackerman (1998)

• “The Place of Women in the Israelite Cultus” by Phyllis Bird (pp.3-20) in Women in the Hebrew Bible: A Reader edited by Alice Bach (1999)

1 SAMUEL

Daughters of Peninnah 1 Sam 1:4

• “Peninnah: Bible” by Lillian Klein (Abensohn)

Daughters of Hannah 1 Sam 2:21

• “Hannah” by Ruth Fidler

Women at the Entrance to the Tent of Meeting 1 Sam 2:22

• “Ministering Women and Their Mirrors” by Rachel Adelman

• “Why Are There No Israelite Priestesses?” by Prof. Ada Taggar-Cohen

Mother of Ichabod, Wife of Phinehas 1 Sam 4:19-22

• "The Dangerous Ark of the Book of Samuel" by Dr. Rabbi Tzemah Yoreh

• “Pregnancy and Childbirth in the Hebrew Bible” by Claudia D. Bergmann

Women Attending the Wife of Phinehas 1 Sam 4:20

• “Pregnancy and Childbirth in the Hebrew Bible” by Claudia D. Bergmann

• Midwives in History and Society by Jean Towler and Joan Bramall (1986)

Daughters as Perfumers, Cooks, and Bakers 1 Sam 8:13

• “Everyday Life: Women in the Period of the Hebrew Bible” (pp. 244-251) by Carol Meyers in The Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1992)

Maidens Going Out to Draw Water 1 Sam 9:11

• “Women and Wells in the Hebrew Bible” by Julye Bidmead

Mother of Agag 1 Sam 15:33

• “Amalek: A Pawn in the Rivalry Between Saul and David’s Legacy” by Dr. Gili Kugler

• “1 and 2 Samuel” (pp.150-163) by Jo Ann Hackett in The Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• "Agag" by HarperCollins Bible Dictionary

Childless Women 1 Sam 15:33

• “1 and 2 Samuel” (pp.150-163) by Jo Ann Hackett in The Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• “Amalek: A Pawn in the Rivalry Between Saul and David’s Legacy” by Dr. Gili Kugler

• “Obliterating Cherem” by Dr. HachamIsaac S. D. Sassoon

Women Kept Away from David's Men 1 Sam 21:4-5

• “Purity and Holiness” by Cecilia Wassen

• “Discharge” (pp.204-207) by David P. Wright and Richard N. Jones in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 2 (1992)

Mother of David 1 Sam 22:3-4

• “Recasting David’s Foreign Origins” by Dr.Yael Avrahami

• “David” by Kent Harold Richards

• King David: A Biography by Steven L. McKenzie (2000)

Women of Nob 1 Sam 22:19

• “Nob” by HarperCollins Bible Dictionary

• “Obliterating Cherem” by Dr. HachamIsaac S. D. Sassoon

• “The Subverted City (Ir Hannidahat) in the Context of ANE Vassal Treaties” by Prof. Ada Taggar-Cohen

• War in the Hebrew Bible: A Study in the Ethics of Violence by Susan Niditch (1993)

Maids of Abigail 1 Sam 25:42

• “Abigail: Bible” by Rachel Adelman

Women Killed in David's Raids 1 Sam 27:9, 11

• “David in the Wilderness” (pp.83-116) in The Historical King David: The Real Life of an Invented Hero by Joel Baden (2013)

• “Holy Terrorist: David and His Outlaw Band” (pp.89-110) in King David: A Biography by Steven L. McKenzie (2000)

• War in the Hebrew Bible: A Study in the Ethics of Violence by Susan Niditch (1993)

Women of Ziklag 1 Sam 30:2-3, 6, 19, 22

• “David in the Wilderness” (pp.83-116) in The Historical King David:The Real Life of an Invented Hero by Joel Baden (2013)

• “Holy Terrorist: David and His Outlaw Band” (pp.89-110) in King David: A Biography by Steven L. McKenzie (2000)

• War in the Hebrew Bible: A Study in the Ethics of Violence by Susan Niditch (1993)

• "Rescuing Captives: From Abraham to David" by Prof. Edward L. Greenstein

• "Ziklag" by HarperCollins Bible Dictionary

2 SAMUEL

Weeping Daughters 2 Sam 1:24

• “1 and 2 Samuel” (pp.150-163) by Jo Ann Hackett in The Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• “The Place of Women in the Israelite Cultus” (pp.3-20) by Phyllis BIrd in Women in the Hebrew Bible: A Reader (1999)

Women's love, compared with that of Jonathan and David 2 Sam 1:26

• “David and Jonathan” by James E. Harding

• “David in Saul’s Service: Revealing a Biblical Cover-Up” (pp.43-82) in The Historical King David: The Real Life of an Invented Hero by Joel Baden (2013)

• “Who Killed Whom?: The Goliath Story and David’s Career in as a Soldier in Saul’s Army” (pp.69-88) in King David: A Biography by Steven L. McKenzie (2000)

• Jonathan Loved David: Homosexuality in Biblical Times by Tom Horner (1978)

Nurse of Mephibosheth 2 Sam 4:4

• “Chapter 4” (pp.217-219) in The David Story: A Translation with Commentary of 1 and 2 Samuel by Robert Alter

Wives and Concubines of David, taken in Jerusalem 2 Sam 5:13

• “Abigail: Bible” by Rachel Adelman

• “Ahinoam: Bible” by Linda Schearing

• “Maacah: Bible” by Rhonda Burnette-Bletsch

• “Michal: Bible” by J. Cheryl Exum

• “Bathsheba: Bible” by Rachel Adelman

• “Abishag: Bible” by Claudia V. Camp

• “Dominated by David” (pp.203-236) in Womanist Midrash by Wilda C. Gafney (2017)

Daughters of David 2 Sam 5:13; 19:5

• “Tamar 2” by Rachel Adelman

• “Tamar, Daughter of David” by Gerald O. West

• “1 and 2 Samuel” (pp. 150-163) by Jo Ann Hackett in The Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• “Dominated by David” (pp.203-236) in Womanist Midrash by Wilda C. Gafney (2017)

Women of the Ark Ceremony 2 Sam 6:19

• “The Ark of the Covenant” by Maria Metzler

• “1 and 2 Samuel” (pp. 150-163) by Jo Ann Hackett in The Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Maids of David's Servants 2 Sam 6:20, 22

• “Michal: Bible” by J. Cheryl Exum

• “1 and 2 Samuel” (pp. 150-163) by Jo Ann Hackett in The Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Woman of Thebez 2 Sam 11:21

• “Women Warriors” by Caryn Tamber-Rosenau

• “Women and Violence in the Hebrew Bible” by Tamara Cohn Eskenazi

• Judges: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Robert G. Boling (1975)

Wives of Saul 2 Sam 12:8

• “Ahinoam: Bible” by Linda Schearing

• “Rizpah: Bible” by Diana Edelman

• “Overshadowed by Saul” (pp.189-202) in Womanist Midrash by Wilda C. Gafney (2017)

Wives of David 2 Sam 12:11; 19:5

• “Abigail: Bible” by Rachel Adelman

• “Ahinoam: Bible” by Linda Schearing

• “Maacah: Bible” by Rhonda Burnette-Bletsch

• “Michal: Bible” by J. Cheryl Exum

• “Bathsheba: Bible” by Rachel Adelman

• “Dominated by David” (pp.203-236) in Womanist Midrash by Wilda C. Gafney (2017)

Royal Daughters and their Garments 2 Sam 13:19

• “Tamar (2 Samuel)” by Gerald O. West

• “Tamar 2” by Rachel Adelman

• “Trauma and Tragedy: The Betrayals of Tamar” (pp.157-169) in Reading the Women of the Bible by Tikva Simone Frymer-Kensky (2002)

• “Tamar: The Royal Rape of Wisdom” (pp.37-64) in Texts of Terror: Literary Feminist Readings of Biblical Narratives by Phyllis Trible (1984)

• Sacred Witness: Rape in the Hebrew Bible by Susanne Scholz (2010)

Wise Woman of Tekoa 2 Sam 14:1-20

• “Wise Women” (pp.33-45) in The Israelite Woman: Social Role and Literary Type in Biblical Narrative (1985) by Athalya Brenner

• “1 and 2 Samuel” (pp. 150-163) by Jo Ann Hackett in The Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Servant Girl of En-rogel 2 Sam 17:17

• “En-rogel” by HarperCollins Dictionary

• “Chapter 17” (pp.296-302) in The David Story: A Translation with Commentary of 1 and 2 Samuel by Robert Alter (1999)

• “Two Brave Women in 2 Samuel 17” by Marg Mowczko

Woman at Bahurim 2 Sam 17:18-20

• “Chapter 17” (pp.296-302) in The David Story: A Translation with Commentary of 1 and 2 Samuel by Robert Alter (1999)

• “Two Brave Women in 2 Samuel 17” by Marg Mowczko

Singing Women 2 Sam 19:35; Eccl 2:8; 12:4

Mother of Barzillai 2 Sam 19:37

• “Chapter 19” (pp.311-320) in The David Story: A Translation with Commentary of 1 and 2 Samuel by Robert Alter (1999)

• “Burials” (pp.785-789) by Elizabeth Bloch-Smith in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 1 (1992)

Wise Woman of Abel of Beth-maacah 2 Sam 20:14-22

• “Wise Women” (pp.33-45) in The Israelite Woman: Social Role and Literary Type in Biblical Narrative (1985) by Athalya Brenner

• “1 and 2 Samuel” (pp. 150-163) by Jo Ann Hackett in The Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

1 KINGS

Two Prostitutes as Mothers 1 Kgs 3:16-28

• “Two Prostitutes as Mothers: Midrash and Aggadah” by Tamar Kadari

• “'Who Guides Whom? Embeddedness and Perspective in Biblical Hebrew and in 1 Kings 3:16-28” by Ellen van Wolde

• “1 and 2 Kings” (pp. 164-179) by Cameron B. R. Howard in The Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• “Anonymous Women and the Collapse of the Monarchy: A Study in Narrative Technique” (pp.43-65) by Adele Reinhartz in A Feminist Companion to Samuel and Kings, edited by Athalya Brenner (1994)

Mother of Hiram 1 Kgs 7:13-14

• “Phoenicia” by Helen Dixon

• "Hiram" by HarperCollins Bible Dictionary

• "Baruch Hashem: Only Non-Israelites Bless God in the Torah" by the Staff Editors of TheTorah.com

Queen Tahpenes' Sister, Hahad's Wife 1 Kgs 11:19-20

• “Tahpenes, Hadad’s Wife & Genubath” photograph by Dikla Laor: Biblical, Storytelling Photography

• "Tahpenes" by HarperCollins Bible Dictionary

Wife of Jeroboam 1 Kgs 14

• “A Mother’s Agony: The Story of Jeroboam’s Wife” blog post by Claude Mariottini (May 11, 2014)

• “The Unheard Voices in the Hebrew Bible: The Nameless and Silent Wife of Jeroboam (1 Kgs 14:1-18)” by David T. Adamo (2020)

• "The Wife of Jeroboam, 1 Kings 14:1-18: The Incredible, Riveting, History-changing Significance of an Unnamed, Overlooked, Ignored, Obscure, Obedient Woman" by Robin Gallaher Branch

Widow of Zarephath 1 Kgs 17:8-24

• “Widow of Zarephath: Midrash and Aggadah” by Tamar Kadari in Jewish Women’s Archive

• "Unnamed Women in the Bible" by Robin Gallaher Branch

Mother of Elisha 1 Kgs 19:20

• A Feminist Companion to Samuel and Kings, ed. Athalya Brenner (1994)

• "Elisha" by Sarah Cook

Wives of Ahab 1 Kgs 20:3, 5, 7

• A Feminist Companion to Samuel and Kings, ed. Athalya Brenner (1994)

• "Jezebel" by Cat Quine

• "Ahab" by David Bokovoy

Prostitutes Washing in Ahab's Blood 1 Kgs 22:38

• "Ahab" by David Bokovoy

2 KINGS

Widow Whose Oil is Multiplied 2 Kgs 4:1-7

• ​​Leave Her Alone by Megan McKenna (2000)

• "Elisha" by Sarah Cook

• "Miracle Stories in the Hebrew Bible" by Walter Brueggemann

The Shunammite 2 Kgs 4:8-37; 8:1-6

• “The Shunamite Woman: A Model of Radical Empathy” by Rabbi Gila Colman Ruskin on My Jewish Learning

• “Shunammite: Bible” by Claudie V. Camp in Jewish Women’s Archive

• “The Shunammite Woman and the Patriarchy Problem” by Carol Meyers on The Torah.com

• ​​“Subverting a Man of God, Elevating a Woman: Role and Power Reversals in 2 Kings 4” by Mary E. Shields (1993)

• "Who Is Your Favorite Woman in the Bible?" by Carol Meyers (video)

Wife and Servant Girl of Naaman 2 Kgs 5:2-4

• “Hardly Happily Ever After: Trafficking of Girls in the Hebrew Bible” by Julie Faith Parker (November 30, 2020)

• ​​Leave Her Alone by Megan McKenna (2000)

• “Children Can Be Prophets Too” in Ch. 10 of Eve Isn't Evil by Julie Faith Parker

The Mothers Who Agree to Eat Their Sons 2 Kgs 6:26-33

• “Forms of Violence and the Violence of Forms: Two Cannibal Mothers Before a King (2 Kings 6:24-33)” by Gina Hens-Piazza in Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion (1998)

Pregnant Women Killed in War 2 Kgs 8:12; 15:16

• “Why Did the Northern Kingdom Fall According to 2 Kings 15?” by Peter Dubovsky (2014)

• “Ripping Open Pregnant Women” by Claude Mariottini (June 19, 2014)

Nurse of Joash 2 Kgs 11:2-3

• “’Take This Child and Suckle It for Me’: Wet Nurses and Resistance in Ancient Israel” by Gale A. Yee in Biblical Theology Bulletin (2009)

• "Athaliah" by Cat Quine

Daughter Passed Through Fire, Burned, or Sacrificed 2 Kgs 17:17; 23:10

• “Child Sacrifice in Ancient Israel” by Heath D. Dewrell

• “Biblical and Greek Ambivalence Towards Child Sacrifice” by Dr. Rabbi Samuel Z. Glaser

• “Sacrifice in Ancient Israel” by William K. Gilders

• The Role of Human Sacrifice in the Ancient Near East by Alberto R. W. Green (1975)

Weaving Women 2 Kgs 23:7

• “Women and the Worship of Yahweh in Ancient Israel” (pp. 189-198) by Susan Ackerman in Confronting the Past: Archaeological and Historical Essays on Ancient Israel (2006)

• “The Women of Asherah: Weaving Wickedness in 2 Kings 23:7” by Scott B. Noegel in The Catholic Bible Quarterly (2021)

Wives of Jehoiachin 2 Kgs 24:15

• “Wives of Jehoiachin” (p. 278) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

ISAIAH

Women as Rulers Isa 3:12

• “Introduction: Female Images in Prophetic Books” (pp. 21-37) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Women as Rulers” (p. 316) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• ​​Isaiah’s Vision and the Family of God by Katheryn Pfisterer Darr (1994)

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Daughters of Zion Isa 3:16-26; 32:9-11

• “Introduction: Female Images in Prophetic Books” (pp. 21-37) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Daughters of Zion” (p. 316) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Seven Women Isa 4:1

• “Introduction: Female Images in Prophetic Books” (pp. 21-37) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Seven Women” (p. 316) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Young Woman Isa 7:14

• “Introduction: Female Images in Prophetic Books” (pp. 21-37) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Young Woman” (p. 317) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Prophetess (Wife of Isaiah) Isa 8:3-4

• ​​“Isaiah’s Wife” by C.B. Reynolds in The Journal of Theological Studies (1935)

• “Introduction: Female Images in Prophetic Books” (pp. 21-37) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Prophetess (Wife of Isaiah)” (p. 317) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Woman in Labor Isa 13:8; 21:3; 26:17-18; 42:12; 45:10; 66:7-9; Mic 4:9-10

• ​​Isaiah’s Vision and the Family of God by Katheryn Pfisterer Darr (1994)

• ​​“Gender-Specific Language of the Major Prophets in The Hebrew Bible: The Case of the First and Second Isaiah” by Iulia O. Basu-Zharku in Inquiries Journal (2011

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Ravished Wives of Babylonians Isa 13:16

• ​​"Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• “Ravished Wives of Babylonians” (pp. 318-319) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

Female Slaves Isa 14:2

• “Gender-Specific Language of the Major Prophets in The Hebrew Bible: The Case of the First and Second Isaiah” by Iulia O. Basu-Zharku in Inquiries Journal (2011)

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• "Slavery in the Hebrew Bible" by Zev Farber

Daughters of Moab Isa 16:2

• “Gender-Specific Language of the Major Prophets in The Hebrew Bible: The Case of the First and Second Isaiah” by Iulia O. Basu-Zharku in Inquiries Journal (2011)

• ​​“Women of Moab” by Sarah Shectman on Bible Odyssey

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Trembling Women Isa 19:16

• “Gender-Specific Language of the Major Prophets in The Hebrew Bible: The Case of the First and Second Isaiah” by Iulia O. Basu-Zharku in Inquiries Journal (2011)

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Young Women of Sidon Isa 23:4

• “Gender-Specific Language of the Major Prophets in The Hebrew Bible: The Case of the First and Second Isaiah” by Iulia O. Basu-Zharku in Inquiries Journal (2011)

• ​​Isaiah’s Vision and the Family of God by Katheryn Pfisterer Darr (1994)

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Maid, Mistress Isa 24:2

Women Making a Fire Isa 27:11

• ​​Isaiah’s Vision and the Family of God by Katheryn Pfisterer Darr (1994)

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Those Who Bear Tidings; Herald Isa 40:9

• “Feminist Interpretation of the Psalms” by Melody D. Knowles (pp. 424-436) in The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms (2014)

Mother of the Servant Isa 49:1, 5

• ​​“The Commission of the Servant in Isaiah 49:1-13” by F. Duane Lindsey

• “The Womb of God?” episode of BibleProject Podcast (August 31, 2020)

• “Mother of the Servant” (p. 321) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Nursing Mothers Isa 49:15, 23

• “’Can a Mother Forget the Baby at Her Breast?’ What Being a Mother Taught Me About God’s Sufficiency” by Juliet Vedral in Sojourners (March 1, 2019)

• “Nursing Mothers” (pp. 321-322) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• ​​Isaiah’s Vision and the Family of God by Katheryn Pfisterer Darr (1994)

• “The Womb of God?” episode of BibleProject Podcast (August 31, 2020)

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Daughters Isa 49:22; 56:5

• ​​Isaiah’s Vision and the Family of God by Katheryn Pfisterer Darr (1994)

• “Daughters (and Sons)” (p. 322) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• “Introduction: Female Images in Prophetic Books” (pp. 21-37) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Queens and Concubines Isa 49:23

• ​​Isaiah’s Vision and the Family of God by Katheryn Pfisterer Darr (1994)

• “Queens” (pp. 322-323) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Woman Being Divorced Isa 50:1

• “When Is a Man Allowed to Divorce his Wife?” by Dr. Eve Levavi Feinstein

• “Divorce” (pp.217-219) by Robert W. Wall in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 2 (1992)

• “Deuteronomy” (pp.52-62) by Tikva Frymer-Kensky in The Women’s Bible Commentary edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1992)

Barren Woman Isa 54:1

• “Barrenness” by Cynthia R. Chapman

• “God Opened Her Womb – The Biblical Conception of Fertility” by Prof. Joel Baden

• “Barren Women in the Bible” by Rachel Adelman

Female Sorcerer Isa 57:3

• “Accusing Women of Witchcraft” by Prof.Jonathan Rabinowitz

• “Divination in Israelite Society” (pp.69-83) in Cultural Anthropology and the Old Testament by Thomas W. Overholt (1996)

Bride Isa 61:10

• ​​Isaiah’s Vision and the Family of God by Katheryn Pfisterer Darr (1994)

• “Bride (and Bridegroom)” (p. 323) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Isaiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

JEREMIAH

Mother of Jeremiah Jer 1:5; 15:10; 20:14, 17, 18

• “Mother of Jeremiah” (p. 324) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Jeremiah" by Kathleen M. O'Connor in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• "Jeremiah" by Melvin Sensenig

Bride Jer 2:2, 32; 7:34; 16:9; 25:10; 33:11

• “Bride (and Bridegroom)” (p. 324) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Jeremiah" by Kathleen M. O'Connor in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Wife / Wives Jer 3:1, 20; 6:11-12; 14:16; 15:8; 16:2; 18:21; 29:6, 23; 35:8; 44:9

• “On Prophetic Propaganda and the Politics of ‘Love’: The Case of Jeremiah” (pp. 256-274) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Wife/Wives” (pp. 324-325) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Jeremiah" by Kathleen M. O'Connor in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Daughters Jer 3:24; 5:17; 11:22; 14:16; 16:2-3; 29:6; 35:8; 48:46

• “On Prophetic Propaganda and the Politics of ‘Love’: The Case of Jeremiah” (pp. 256-274) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Daughters (and Sons)” (pp. 325-326) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Jeremiah" by Kathleen M. O'Connor in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Woman in Labor Jer 4:31; 6:24; 13:21; 22:23; 30:6; 31:8; 48:41; 49:22; 24; 50:43

• “The Rhetorical Function of the Woman in Labor Metaphor in Jeremiah 30-31: Trauma, Gender and Postcolonial Perspectives” by L. Juliana Claassens (2014)

• “Woman in Labor” (p. 326) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Jeremiah" by Kathleen M. O'Connor in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• "Pregnancy and Childbirth in the Hebrew Bible" by Claudia D. Bergmann

Women Worshipping the Queen of Heaven Jer 7:18; 44:15-19, 25

• “Listening to the Trauma of Refugees in Jeremiah 40-44” by Christi M. Maier (2017)

• “Women Worshipping the Queen of Heaven” (p. 327) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• “Introduction: Female Images in Prophetic Books” (pp. 21-37) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• "Jeremiah" by Kathleen M. O'Connor in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• "The Queen of Heaven" by Megan J. Daniels

Daughter Passed Through Fire, Burned, or Sacrificed Jer 7:31; 32:35

• “Child Sacrifice in Ancient Israel” by Heath D. Dewrell

• “Biblical and Greek Ambivalence Towards Child Sacrifice” by Dr. Rabbi Samuel Z. Glaser

• “Sacrifice in Ancient Israel” by William K. Gilders

• The Role of Human Sacrifice in the Ancient Near East by Alberto R. W. Green (1975)

Mourning Women Jer 9:17-20

• “Mourning Women” (pp. 327-329) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• “Introduction: Female Images in Prophetic Books” (pp. 21-37) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• "Jeremiah" by Kathleen M. O'Connor in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Mothers Jer 15:8-9; 16:3-4, 7

• “Introduction: Female Images in Prophetic Books” (pp. 21-37) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Mothers (and Fathers)” (p. 329) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Jeremiah" by Kathleen M. O'Connor in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Mother Cannibalizing Their Daughters Jer 19:9

• “Parents Eating Their Children–The Torah's Curse and Its Undertones in Medieval Interpretation” by Dr. Wendy Love Anderson

Sister Jer 22:18

• “Introduction: Female Images in Prophetic Books” (pp. 21-37) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Sisters” (p. 330) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Jeremiah" by Kathleen M. O'Connor in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Woman Encompassing a Man Jer 31:22

• “On Prophetic Propaganda and the Politics of ‘Love’: The Case of Jeremiah” (pp. 256-274) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Woman Encompassing a Man” (pp. 330-331) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Jeremiah" by Kathleen M. O'Connor in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Women in Zedekiah's Court Jer 38:22-23; 41:10, 16; 43:6-7

• “Royal Women and the Exercise of Power in the Ancient Near East” (pp. 219-228) by Sarah C. Melville in A Companion to the Ancient Near East (2005)

• “Women (Wives and Daughters) in Zedekiah’s Court” (p. 331) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Jeremiah" by Kathleen M. O'Connor in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Women Remaining in the Land Jer 40:7

• “Listening to the Trauma of Refugees in Jeremiah 40-44” by Christi M. Maier (2017)

• “Women (and Men) Remaining in the Land” (p. 331) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Jeremiah" by Kathleen M. O'Connor in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Women Who Went to Egypt Jer 43:6; 44:7, 15, 24-25

• “Listening to the Trauma of Refugees in Jeremiah 40-44” by Christi M. Maier (2017)

• “Women Who Went to Egypt” (p. 332) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Jeremiah" by Kathleen M. O'Connor in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Woman of Aroer Jer 48:19

• Jeremiah 48 as Christian Scripture by Julie Woods (2011)

• “Woman (and Man) of Aroer” (p. 333) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Jeremiah" by Kathleen M. O'Connor in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Women and Girls in Babylon Jer 50:37; 51:22, 30

• ​​Women in the Ancient Mesopotamia by Marten Stol (2015)

• ​​“Women and Girls in Babylon” (p. 333) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Jeremiah" by Kathleen M. O'Connor in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

EZEKIEL

Women Weeping for Tammuz Ezek 8:14

• “Women Weeping for Tammuz” (p. 335) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• “Introduction: Female Images in Prophetic Books” (pp. 21-37) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• "Ezekiel" by Jacqueline E. Lapsley in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Women and Young Women Ezek 9:6

• “Women and Young Women (and Young Men)” (p. 336) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Ezekiel" by Jacqueline E. Lapsley in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Daughters Who Prophesy Ezek 13:17-23

• “The Daughters of Your People: Female Prophets in Ezekiel 13:17-23” by Nancy R. Bowen in Journal of Biblical Literature (1999)

• “Daughters Who Prophesy” (p. 336) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Ezekiel" by Jacqueline E. Lapsley in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Daughters Ezek 14:16-23; 23:4, 10, 25, 47; 24:21, 25

• “The Metaphorization of Woman in Prophetic Speech: An Analysis of Ezekiel 23” (pp. 244-255) by Fokkelein van Dijk-Hemmes in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Daughters (and Sons)” (pp. 336-337) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Ezekiel" by Jacqueline E. Lapsley in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Daughter Passed Through Fire, Burned, or Sacrificed Ezek 16:20

• “Child Sacrifice in Ancient Israel” by Heath D. Dewrell

• “Biblical and Greek Ambivalence Towards Child Sacrifice” by Dr. Rabbi Samuel Z. Glaser

• “Sacrifice in Ancient Israel” by William K. Gilders

• The Role of Human Sacrifice in the Ancient Near East by Alberto R. W. Green (1975)

Women Ezek 16:41; 23:48

• “The Metaphorization of Woman in Prophetic Speech: An Analysis of Ezekiel 23” (pp. 244-255) by Fokkelein van Dijk-Hemmes in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Don’t Read This Part of the Bible if You’re Under 30 (Or a Woman)” by Jana Riess in Sojourners (February 10, 2012)

• “’No One Looked on You in Pity or Compassion’: The Marginalization of Women in Ezekiel 16” by Isaac Lang (2021)

• “Women” (p. 337) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Ezekiel" by Jacqueline E. Lapsley in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Neighbor's Wife, Daughter-in-Law, and Sister as Illicit Sexual Partners Ezek 18:6, 11, 15; 22:11; 33:26

• “Neighbor’s Wife, Daughter-in-Law, and Sister as Illicit Sexual Partners” (pp. 337-338) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Ezekiel" by Jacqueline E. Lapsley in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Menstruating Women Ezek 18:6; 22:10; 36:17

• “’No One Looked on You in Pity or Compassion’: The Marginalization of Women in Ezekiel 16” by Isaac Lang (2021)

• “Female Purity (Niddah)” by Tirzah Meacham (IeBeit Yoreh) on Jewish Women’s Archive

• “Menstruating Women” (p. 338) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Ezekiel" by Jacqueline E. Lapsley in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• "Menstruation in the Bible" by Eve Levavi Feinstein

Mother of Princes Ezekiel 19

• “Mother of Princes” (pp. 338-339) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• “Introduction: Female Images in Prophetic Books” (pp. 21-37) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• "Ezekiel" by Jacqueline E. Lapsley in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Mother Ezek 22:7

• “Introduction: Female Images in Prophetic Books” (pp. 21-37) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Mother” (p. 339) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

Daughter-in-law and Sister (and Mother) Taken in Incest Ezek 22:10-11

• “Daughter-in-Law and Sister (and Mother) Taken in Incest” (p. 340) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Ezekiel" by Jacqueline E. Lapsley in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Wife of Ezekiel Ezek 24:18

• “Wife of Ezekiel” (p. 340) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• The Death of the Wife of the Biblical Prophet Ezekiel drawing by William Blake (c. 1785)

• "Ezekiel" by Jacqueline E. Lapsley in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• "Ezekiel" by Sara Wells

Mourning Women Ezek 32:16

• “Introduction: Female Images in Prophetic Books” (pp. 21-37) by Athalya Brenner in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Mourning Women” (pp. 327-329) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• “Death, Grief, Agony, and a New Creation: Re-reading Gender in Jeremiah after September 11” by Angela Bauer (2002)

Women Whom a Priest Can and Cannot Marry Ezek 44:22

• “Purity of Priests: Contamination Through Marriage” by Dr. Eve Levavi Feinstein

Women Whom a Priest Can and Cannot Bury Ezek 44:25

• “Purity and Holiness” by Cecilia Wassen

HOSEA

Mother of Priest Hos 4:5

• “I Will Destroy Your Mother: The Obliteration of a Cultic Role in Hosea 4:4-6” (pp. 180-193) by Margaret S. Odell in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Mother of Priest” (pp. 344-345) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• “Rebuke Your Mother: But Who is She? The Identity of the “Mother” and “Children” in Hosea 2:4-7” by Rabbi Hayyim Angel in Jewish Bible Quarterly (2016)

• “Contentious Priests and Contentious People in Hosea IV 1-10” by Jack R. Lundbom (1986)

• "Hosea" by Gale A. Yee in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Daughters and Daughters-in-Law of Priest Hos 4:13-14

• “Metaphor and Dissonance: A Reinterpretation of Hosea 4:13-14” (pp. 291-305) by Karin Adams in Journal of Biblical Literature (2008)

• “Daughters and Daughters-In-Law of Priest” (p. 345) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Hosea" by Gale A. Yee in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Temple Prostitute Hos 4:14

• “Prostitution in the Bible” by Jennifer Knust (video)

• “Prostitution” (pp. 505-510) by Elaine Adler Goodfriend in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 5 (1992)

• “Deuteronomy” (pp.52-62) by Tikva Frymer-Kensky in The Women’s Bible Commentary edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1992)

Mothers Killed in War Hos 10:14; 13:16

• “Violence Against Women in the Hebrew Bible” by Tamar Kamionkowski (June 23, 2021)

• “Mothers Killed in War” (p. 345) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Hosea" by Gale A. Yee in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

JOEL

Young Woman in Mourning Joel 1:8

• “Women and Mourning” by Maeera Schreiber on My Jewish Learning

• “Young Woman in Mourning” (p. 346) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Joel" by L. Juliana Claassens in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Bride Joel 2:16

• ​​Joel and Amos: A Commentary on the Books of the Prophets Joel and Amos by Hans Walter Wolff (1977)

• “Bride (and Bridegroom)” (pp. 346-347) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Joel" by L. Juliana Claassens in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Daughters Who Prophesy Joel 2:28

• “Your Daughters Shall Prophesy: How Can We Keep Silent?” by Laura L. Brenneman in The Conrad Global Review (Spring 2010)

• “Daughters (and Sons) Who Prophesy” (p. 347) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Joel" by L. Juliana Claassens in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Female Slaves Joel 2:29

• “Slavery in the Hebrew Bible” by Zev Farber

• “Slavery in the Bible” by Benjamin Scolnic

• “Female (and Male) Slaves” (p. 347) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Joel" by L. Juliana Claassens in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Girls Sold for Wine Joel 3:3

• “Girls Sold for Wine (and Boys Traded for Prostitutes)” (p. 347) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• “Seeking the Good Life in the Book of Joel” by Jaco Hamman in Westmont Magazine (March 22, 2019)

• Human Trafficking, the Bible, and the Church by Marion L. S. Carson (2017)

• "Joel" by L. Juliana Claassens in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Daughters to be Sold by Judeans Joel 3:8

• “Seeking the Good Life in the Book of Joel” by Jaco Hamman in Westmont Magazine (March 22, 2019)

• Human Trafficking, the Bible, and the Church by Marion L. S. Carson (2017)

• “Daughters (and Sons) to Be Sold by Judeans” (pp. 347-348) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Joel" by L. Juliana Claassens in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

AMOS

Edomite Women Cast Off Amos 1:11

• ​​“Edom as Israel’s Other” in War, Memory, and National Identity in the Hebrew Bible by Jacob L. Wright (July 27, 2020)

• “Edomite Women (NRSV, Pity) Cast Off” (p. 348) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Amos" by Amy Erickson in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• "Edom" by Brad Anderson

Pregnant Women of Gilead Amos 1:13

• “Pregnant Women of Gilead” by Judith E. Sanderson (p. 349) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Amos" by Amy Erickson in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Girl Amos 2:7

• “Girl” (p. 349) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Amos" by Amy Erickson in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Women of Bashan Amos 4:1

• “The Cows of Bashan: A Single Metaphor at Amos 4:1-3” by Terence Kleven in The Catholic Biblical Quarterly (April 1996)

• “Women (“Cows”) of Bashan” by Judith E. Sanderson (pp. 349-350) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Amos" by Amy Erickson in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Wife and Daughters of Amaziah Amos 7:17

• “Structure and Meaning in the Third Vision of Amos (7:7-17)” by Martha E. Campos (2011)

• “Wife and Daughters (and Sons) of Amaziah” by Judith E. Sanderson (p. 350) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Amos" by Amy Erickson in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Beautiful Young Women Amos 8:13

• “Beautiful Young Women (and Young Men)” (pp. 350-351) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Amos" by Amy Erickson in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

OBADIAH

There are no unnamed women mentioned in the book of Obadiah

JONAH

There are no unnamed women mentioned in the book of Jonah

MICAH

Prostitute Mic 1:7

• “Prostitution” by Jennifer Knust (video)

• “Sexual Prohibitions in the Bible and the ANE: A Comparison” by Dr. Eve Levavi Feinstein

• “Prostitution” (pp. 505-510) by Elaine Adler Goodfriend in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 5 (1992)

Woman in Labor Mic 5:3

• Wisdom Commentary: Micah by Julia M. O’Brien (2015)

• “Woman in Labor” (p. 352) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• “From Traumatic to Narrative Memories: The Rhetorical Function of Birth Metaphors in Micah 4-5” by L. J. Claassens (2018)

• "Micah" by Judy Fentress-Williams in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• "Pregnancy and Childbirth in the Hebrew Bible" by Claudia D. Bergmann

Embraced Woman Mic 5:7

• Wisdom Commentary: Micah by Julia M. O’Brien (2015)

• “Embraced Woman” (p. 352) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Micah" by Judy Fentress-Williams in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Daughter and Daughter-in-Law; Mother and Mother-in-Law Mic 7:6

• “Women’s Voices in the Book of Micah” by Mayer I. Gruber (2007)

• Wisdom Commentary: Micah by Julia M. O’Brien (2015)

• “Daughter (and Son) and Daughter-in-Law; Mother (and Father) and Mother-in-Law” (p. 352) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Micah" by Judy Fentress-Williams in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

NAHUM

Slave Women of Ninevah Nah 2:7

• Women in Ugarit and Israel: Their Social and Religious Position in the Context of the Ancient Near East by Hennie J. Marsman (2003)

• “Slavery in the Ancient Near East” by I. Mendelsohn (1946)

• “Slave Women of Ninevah” by Judith E. Sanderson (p. 353) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Nahum" by Julie Galambush in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• "Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah" in Wisdom Commentary (Volume 38), by Wilda C. M. Gafney, ed. Carol J. Dempsey, OP and Barbara E. Reid, OP (2002)

Troops as Women Nah 3:13

• “The Body of Nineveh: The Conceptual Image of the City in Nahum 2-3” by Karolien Vermeulen in Journal of Hebrew Scriptures (2017)

• Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah in Wisdom Commentary (Volume 38), by Wilda C. M. Gafney, ed. Carol J. Dempsey, OP and Barbara E. Reid, OP (2002)

• “Troops as Women” (p. 353) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Nahum" by Julie Galambush in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

ZEPHANIAH

There are no unnamed women mentioned in the book of Zephaniah

HAGGAI

There are no unnamed women mentioned in the book of Haggai

ZECHARIAH

Old Women and Girls Zech 8:4-5

• “Zechariah 8:1-8” by Elizabeth F. Caldwell (2001)

• "Zechariah' by Julia M. O'Brien in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• “Old Women (and Men) and Girls (and Boys)” (p. 355) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

Young Women Zech 9:17

• "Zechariah' by Julia M. O'Brien in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• “Young Women (and Men)” (p. 355) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

Women of the Houses of David, Nathan, Levi, and of the Shimeites, and of All the Families Zech 12:12-14

• “Women of the House of David, Nathan, and Levi, and of the Shimeites, and of All the Families” (p. 356) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Zechariah' by Julia M. O'Brien in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Mothers of False Prophets Zech 13:2-3

• “Mothers (and Fathers) of False Prophets” (p. 356) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Zechariah' by Julia M. O'Brien in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Raped Women Zech 14:2

• “Women and War Brutalities in the Minor Prophets: The Case of Rape” by Paul A. Kruger (2014)

• “Zechariah 14: A Study in Allusiton” by Konrad R. Schaefer in The Catholic Biblical Quarterly (1995)

• “Raped Women” (pp. 356-357) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of the Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Zechariah' by Julia M. O'Brien in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

MALACHI

Daughter of a Foreign God Mal 2:11

• “The Daughter of a Foreign God: Wordplay as an Interpretive Key in Malachi 2:11” by Sheree E. Lear (2015)

• “Judah as Wife and Husband: Deconstructing Gender in Malachi” by Julia M. O’Brien in Journal of Biblical Literature (1996)

• “Daughter of a Foreign God” (p. 357) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Zechariah' by Julia M. O'Brien in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

Wife of One’s Youth Mal 2:14-16

• “Judah as Wife and Husband: Deconstructing Gender in Malachi” by Julia M. O’Brien in Journal of Biblical Literature (1996)

• “Wife of One’s Youth” (p. 357) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Zechariah' by Julia M. O'Brien in Women's Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)