UNNAMED WOMEN OF THE WRITINGS

RUTH

Mothers of Ruth and Orpah Ruth 1:8, 2:11

• “Returning Home: Ruth 1:8 and the Gendering of the Book of Ruth” (pp.85-115) by Carol Meyers in A Feminist Companion to the Book of Ruth edited by Athalya Brenner (1993)

• “Ruth: Bible” by Phyllis Trible

Women of Bethlehem Ruth 1:19; 4:14-15

• “Ruth and the Women of Bethlehem” (pp.178-190) by Zefira Gitay in A Feminist Companion to the Book of Ruth edited by Athalya Brenner (1993)

• “Ruth: Bible” by Phyllis Trible

Young Women of Boaz Ruth 2:8, 22; 3:2

• “Ruth: Bible” by Phyllis Trible

Women of the Neighborhood Ruth 4:17

• “Ruth: Bible” by Phyllis Trible

1 CHRONICLES

Daughter of Machir, Wife of Hezron 1 Chr 2:21

• “Female Names and Gender Perspectives” by Sara Japhet (pp. 33-56) in The Writings and Later Wisdom Books (2014)

Daughter of Sheshan 1 Chr 2:34-35

• “A Daughter Who is a Son” blog post by Nathan C. Johnson on Precepts: Rightly Dividing the Word of Truth (April 3, 2012)

Mother of Jabez 1 Chr 4:9

• ““When You Tell My Story, Get it Right!” The Story of Jabez’ Mother” blog post by Tabitha’s Daughters, LLC (August 7, 2018)

• The Prayer of Jabez for Women by Darlene Wilkinson (2002)

Daughters of David 1 Chr 14:3

• “Tamar 2” by Rachel Adelman

• “Tamar (2 Samuel)” by Gerald O. West

• “1 and 2 Samuel” (pp. 150-163) by Jo Ann Hackett in The Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

• “Dominated by David” (pp.203-236) in Womanist Midrash by Wilda C. Gafney (2017)

Judean Wife of Mered 1 Chr 4:18

• “Chronicler’s Women–A Holistic Appraisal” by F. Olojede (2013)

Wife of Hodiah, Sister of Naham 1 Chr 4:19

• 1 Chronicles: A Commentary by Ralph W. Klein (2006)

Daughters of Shimei 1 Chr 4:27

• “Daddy’s Little Girls?: An Examination of Daughters in the Hebrew Bible” by Kimberly D. Russaw (2016)

Wives of Descendants of Issachar 1 Chr 7:4

• “Chronicler’s Women–A Holistic Appraisal” by F. Olojede (2013)

• “The Tribe of Issachar” by Wayne Blank

Aramean Concubine of Manasseh 1 Chr 7:14

• 1 Chronicles: A Commentary by Ralph W. Klein (2006)

• “Female Names and Gender Perspectives” by Sara Japhet (pp. 33-56) in The Writings and Later Wisdom Books (2014)

• “Polygyny and Concubinage as Political Fiction in the Hebrew Bible” by Stephen F. Bigger (2011)

Wives of Huppim and Shuppim 1 Chr 7:15

• “The Manassite Genealogy in 1 Chronicles 7:14-19: Form and Source” by Diana Edelman (1991)

Wife of Ephraim 1 Chr 7:23

• “Chronicler’s Women–A Holistic Appraisal” by F. Olojede (2013)

Daughters of Eleazar 1 Chr 23:22

• 1 Chronicles: A Commentary by Ralph W. Klein (2006)

Daughters of Heman 1 Chr 25:5-6

• “Daughters of Heman” (pp. 114-115) in Daughters of Miriam: Women Prophets in Ancient Israel by Wilda Gafney (2008)

2 CHRONICLES

Mother of Hiram 2 Chr 2:14

• “HIRAM, HURAM” by Solomon Schechter, Louis Ginzberg, Emil G. Hirsch, and M. Seligsohn

• “Phoenicia” by Helen Dixon

Women of Rehoboam 2 Chr 11:21

• “The Characterization of Rehoboam and Jeroboam as a Reflection of the Chronicler’s View of the Schism” by Itzhak Amar (2017)

Wives and Daughters of Abijah 2 Chr 13:21

• “Female Names and Gender Perspectives” by Sara Japhet (pp. 33-56) in The Writings and Later Wisdom Books (2014)

Women Who Do Not Seek the Lord 2 Chr 15:13

• Joshua to Chronicles: An Introduction by Antony F. Campbell (2004)

Israelite Wife of Jehoshaphat 2 Chr 18:1

• “A Typology of Israelite Marriage: Kinship, Socio-Economic, and Religious Factors by Allen Guenther (2005)

Wives of All Judah 2 Chr 20:13

• “Chronicler’s Women–A Holistic Appraisal” by F. Olojede (2013)

Wives of Jehoram 2 Chr 21:14, 17

• “Chronicler’s Women–A Holistic Appraisal” by F. Olojede (2013)

• “The Genealogical Relationships of Jehoram and Ahaziah, and of Ahaz and Hezekiah, Kings of Judah” by Donald V. Etz (1996)

Nurse of Joash 2 Chr 22:11-12

• “’Take This Child and Suckle It for Me’: Wet Nurses and Resistance in Ancient Israel” by Gale A. Yee in Biblical Theology Bulletin (2009)

Wives and Daughters of Joash 2 Chr 24:3

• “Chronicler’s Women–A Holistic Appraisal” by F. Olojede (2013)

Judean Women and Daughters Captured by Israelites 2 Chr 28:8, 10-15; 29:9

• “Chronicler’s Women–A Holistic Appraisal” by F. Olojede (2013)

• “Oded Rescues Captured Women and Children” by Sweet Publishing on FreeBibleImages, artist Jim Padgett

Wives and Daughters of Priests 2 Chr 31:18

• “Chronicler’s Women–A Holistic Appraisal” by F. Olojede (2013)

• Joshua to Chronicles: An Introduction by Antony F. Campbell (2004)

Singing Women Who Lament 2 Chr 35:25

• “Laments for Josiah” on Wikipedia (March 20, 2019)

• “The Keening Women” (pp. 52-77) in Some Jewish Women in Antiquity by Meir Bar-Ilan (2020)

Young Women Slaughtered 2 Chr 36:17

• “Chronicler’s Women–A Holistic Appraisal” by F. Olojede (2013)

EZRA

Daughter of Barzillai the Gileadite Ezra 2:61

• “Out From the Shadows: Biblical Women in the Postexilic Era” by Tamara C. Eskenazi (1992)

• “Barzillai in the Bible” in Nave’s Topical Biblical Concordance Online (1905)

Female Servants/Singers Returning to Judah Ezra 2:65

• Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther by Johanna W. H. Van Wijk-Bos (1998)

• “Ezra, Nehemiah & Esther and Work” article by Theology of Work Project

Daughters of Judah and Foreign Daughters/Wives Ezra 9:2, 12; 10

• Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther by Johanna W. H. Van Wijk-Bos (1998)

• “Ezra-Nehemiah” by Tamara Cohn Eskenazi in Women’s Bible Commentary (1992)

• “Moabite Women, Transjordanian Women, and Incest and Exogamy: The Gendered Dimensions of Boundaries in the Hebrew Bible” by Peter J. Sabo (2020)

• “Ezra’s Radical Solution to Judean Assimilation” by Arthur J. Wolak (2012)

Women in Assembly Ezra 10:1

• Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther by Johanna W. H. Van Wijk-Bos (1998)

• “Ezra-Nehemiah” by Tamara Cohn Eskenazi in Women’s Bible Commentary (1992)

NEHEMIAH

Queen, Wife of Artaxerxes Neh 2:6

• Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther by Johanna W. H. Van Wijk-Bos (1998)

• “The Queen and the Cupbearer: Connections Between Esther and Nehemiah” blog post by Gail Wallace for the Junia Project (2015)

• “Women in the Book of Nehemiah” by Brigitte Rabarijaona in Gender Agenda Matters: Papers of the “Feminist Section” of the International Meetings of the Society of Biblical Literature (2015)

Daughters of Shallum Neh 3:12

• “Shallum’s Daughters: Builders of the Wall” blog post by Leigh Powers on the Junia Project (May 27, 2016)

• “Ezra, Nehemiah & Esther and Work” article by Theology of Work Project

Daughters and Wives in Rebuilt Jerusalem Neh 4:14; 5:1-2, 5

• “Ezra, Nehemiah & Esther and Work” article by Theology of Work Project

• “Ezra-Nehemiah” by Tamara Cohn Eskenazi in Women’s Bible Commentary (1992)

Daughter-in-law of Tobiah, Daughter of Meshullam, Wife of Jehohanan Neh 6:18

• Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther by Johanna W. H. Van Wijk-Bos (1998)

• “Postexilic Jewish Experience and Korean Multiculturalism” by Yoon Kyung Lee in Migration and Diaspora: Exegetical Voices of Women in Northeast Asian Countries (2014)

Daughter of Barzillai the Gileadite Neh 7:63

• “Out From the Shadows: Biblical Women in the Postexilic Era” by Tamara C. Eskenazi (1992)

• “Barzillai in the Bible” in Nave’s Topical Biblical Concordance Online (1905)

Female Servants/Singers Returning to Judah Neh 7:67

• Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther by Johanna W. H. Van Wijk-Bos (1998)

• “Ezra, Nehemiah & Esther and Work” article by Theology of Work Project

Women, Part of the Assembly of People Neh 8:2, 10:28; 12:43

• “Ezra-Nehemiah” by Tamara Cohn Eskenazi in Women’s Bible Commentary (1992)

Daughters of Judah and Foreign Daughters/Wives Neh 10:30; 13:25-27

• Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther by Johanna W. H. Van Wijk-Bos (1998)

• “Ezra-Nehemiah” by Tamara Cohn Eskenazi in Women’s Bible Commentary (1992)

• “Moabite Women, Transjordanian Women, and Incest and Exogamy: The Gendered Dimensions of Boundaries in the Hebrew Bible” by Peter J. Sabo (2020)

• “Ezra’s Radical Solution to Judean Assimilation” by Arthur J. Wolak (2012)

Women of Ashdod, Ammon, and and Moab Neh 13:23-24

• “Moabite Women, Transjordanian Women, and Incest and Exogamy: The Gendered Dimensions of Boundaries in the Hebrew Bible” by Peter J. Sabo (2020)

• “Ezra’s Radical Solution to Judean Assimilation” by Arthur J. Wolak (2012)

ESTHER

Women at Vashti's Banquet Esth 1:9

• “Eating and Living: The Banquets in the Esther Narratives” by Susanne Plietzsch in Decisive Meals: Table Politics in Biblical Literature (2012)

• “Vashti’s Banquet: A New Women’s Celebration” by Women’s League for Conservative Judaism

• The Banquet of Vashti painting by Jacopo del Sellaio (Florence, 1442-1493)

• *Also mentioned in the Apocrypha (see Apocryphal Women)

Noble Ladies of Persia and Media Esth 1:18-20

• “Esther, Lecture 2” by Dr. Elaine Phillips (2011)

• *Also mentioned in the Apocrypha (see Apocryphal Women)

Young Virgins/Women Esth 2:2-3, 8, 12-14, 17, 19

• ​​“Third Sunday of Easter” (pp. 119-122) in The Women’s Lectionary: Preaching the Women of the Bible Throughout the Year by Ashley M. Wilcox (2021)

• *Also mentioned in the Apocrypha (see Apocryphal Women)

Women of the Harem Esth 2:3, 8, 12

• ​​“There’s a New Queen in Town” podcast season 8, episode 2 of The Bible Binge (January 26, 2020)

• “Esther Actually: What happens in the harem...” blog post by Rachel Held Evans (October 1, 2012)

• “Esther, Lecture 2” by Dr. Elaine Phillips (2011)

• *Also mentioned in the Apocrypha (see Apocryphal Women)

Mother of Esther Esth 2:7

• Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther by Johanna W. H. Van Wijk-Bos (1998)

• “Five Things About Esther That Nobody Talks About” by Rachel Friedlander (February 19, 2019)

• *Also mentioned in the Apocrypha (see Apocryphal Women)

Maids of Esther Esth 2:9; 4:4, 16

• Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther by Johanna W. H. Van Wijk-Bos (1998)

• *Also mentioned in the Apocrypha (see Apocryphal Women)

Women in the King's Decree Esth 3:13

• “Introduction to the Book of Esther” podcast episode, Season 8, Episode 1, on The Bible Binge (January 12, 2020)

• “‘Passing Strange’--Reading Transgender Across Genre: Rabbinic Midrash and Feminist Hermeneutics on Esther” by Rachel Adelman (2014)

Woman (or Man) Going Unbidden to the King Esth 4:11

• Meet Me at the Well: The Girls and Women of the Bible by Jane Yolen and Barbara Diamond Goldin (2018)

• “‘Passing Strange’--Reading Transgender Across Genre: Rabbinic Midrash and Feminist Hermeneutics on Esther” by Rachel Adelman (2014)

• “Esther Intercedes With the King” by Nissan Mindel (2010)

• *Also mentioned in the Apocrypha (see Apocryphal Women)

JOB

Daughters of Job Job 1:2-19; 41:5; 42:13-15

• “Some Observations on the Figurations of Woman in Wisdom Literature’ by Athalya Brenner, (pp. 50-66) in A Feminist Companion to Wisdom Literature (1995)

Mother of Job Job 1:21; 3:3, 10-11; 14:1; 15:14; 17:14; 31:18

• “Job and the Womb: Text About Men; Subtext About Women” by Lillian R. Klein (pp. 186-200) in A Feminist Companion to Wisdom Literature, ed. Athalya Brenner (1995)

Wife of Job Job 2:9-10; 19: 17; 31:10

• “Wife of Job: Bible” by Ilana Pardes in Jewish Women’s Archive

• “Wife of Job: Apocrypha” by Hananel Mack in Jewish Women’s Archive

• “The Most Misunderstood Woman in the Bible: Why Job’s Wife May Have Gotten a Bad Rap” sermon by James Thornton on Everyone’s Apostolic: Ministering to the World (2021)

Born of Woman Job 14:1; 25:4

• “Job and the Womb: Text About Men; Subtext About Women” by Lillian R. Klein (pp. 186-200) in A Feminist Companion to Wisdom Literature, ed. Athalya Brenner (1995)

Sister and Mother of Job Job 17:14

• “Job and the Womb: Text About Men; Subtext About Women” by Lillian R. Klein (pp. 186-200) in A Feminist Companion to Wisdom Literature, ed. Athalya Brenner (1995)

Serving Girls of Job Job 19:15; 31:13

• Metaphors in the Discussion on Suffering in Job 3-31 by Hanneke van Loon (2018)

Barren Woman Job 24:21

• “Barrenness” by Cynthia R. Chapman

• “God Opened Her Womb – The Biblical Conception of Fertility” by Prof. Joel Baden

• “Barren Women in the Bible” by Rachel Adelman

Virgin Job 31:1

• ​​“BTWLH, “VIRGIN” OR “VIRGIN (ANAT)” IN JOB 31:1?” by Walter L. Michel in Hebrew Studies Vol. 23 (1982)

• “Job and the Womb: Text About Men; Subtext About Women” by Lillian R. Klein (pp. 186-200) in A Feminist Companion to Wisdom Literature, ed. Athalya Brenner (1995)

Women in Illicit Sex Job 31:9-10

• “Job and the Womb: Text About Men; Subtext About Women” by Lillian R. Klein (pp. 186-200) in A Feminist Companion to Wisdom Literature, ed. Athalya Brenner (1995)

Sisters of Job Job 42:11

• “Does the Lord Bring Trouble? (Job 42:11)” by Paul Ellis (February 1, 2017)

PSALMS

Mother of Psalmist Ps 22:9-10; 27:10; 35:14; 50:20; 51:5; 71:6; 86:16; 109:14; 116:16; 131:2; 139:13

• “Psalm 22:1-2 & 9-10” Artwork and Reflection by Full of Eyes (2015)

• ​​“The Dubious Action of David’s Mother When She Conceived Him and Its Relation to the Sinfulness of Man from Conception: An Exegetical Study of Psalm 51:5” by Jonathan Andres Gonzalez (2016)

• “Is there a place for women in the theology of the Psalms? Part I: An investigation into the female imagery of the ancient Hebrew Psalter” by Helen Efthimiadis, (pp. 33-56) in Old Testament Essays (1999)

• “Feminist Interpretation of the Psalms” by Melody D. Knowles (pp. 424-436) in The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms (2014)

Sisters of the Psalmist Ps 22:22

• “Is there a place for women in the theology of the Psalms? Part I: An investigation into the female imagery of the ancient Hebrew Psalter” by Helen Efthimiadis, (pp. 33-56) in Old Testament Essays (1999)

Women in the Royal Household Ps 45:9-14

• “Feminist Interpretation of the Psalms” by Melody D. Knowles (pp. 424-436) in The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms (2014)

• “Is there a place for women in the theology of the Psalms? Part I: An investigation into the female imagery of the ancient Hebrew Psalter” by Helen Efthimiadis, (pp. 33-56) in Old Testament Essays (1999)

Woman in Labor Ps 48:7

• “Is there a place for women in the theology of the Psalms? Part I: An investigation into the female imagery of the ancient Hebrew Psalter” by Helen Efthimiadis, (pp. 33-56) in Old Testament Essays (1999)

Those Who Bear Tidings; Herald Ps 68:11

• “Feminist Interpretation of the Psalms” by Melody D. Knowles (pp. 424-436) in The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms (2014)

Women Dividing the Spoil Ps 68:12

• “Is there a place for women in the theology of the Psalms? Part I: An investigation into the female imagery of the ancient Hebrew Psalter” by Helen Efthimiadis, (pp. 33-56) in Old Testament Essays (1999)

Young Women Ps 78:63; 148:12

• “Feminist Interpretation of the Psalms” by Melody D. Knowles (pp. 424-436) in The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms (2014)

• “Is there a place for women in the theology of the Psalms? Part I: An investigation into the female imagery of the ancient Hebrew Psalter” by Helen Efthimiadis, (pp. 33-56) in Old Testament Essays (1999)

Daughter Passed Through Fire, Burned, or Sacrificed Ps 106:37-38

• “Child Sacrifice in Ancient Israel” by Heath D. Dewrell

• “Biblical and Greek Ambivalence Towards Child Sacrifice” by Dr. Rabbi Samuel Z. Glaser

• “Sacrifice in Ancient Israel” by William K. Gilders

• The Role of Human Sacrifice in the Ancient Near East by Alberto R. W. Green (1975)

Barren Woman Ps 113:9

• “Barrenness” by Cynthia R. Chapman

• “God Opened Her Womb – The Biblical Conception of Fertility” by Prof. Joel Baden

• “Barren Women in the Bible” by Rachel Adelman

Mistress Ps 123:2

• “Is there a place for women in the theology of the Psalms? Part I: An investigation into the female imagery of the ancient Hebrew Psalter” by Helen Efthimiadis, (pp. 33-56) in Old Testament Essays (1999)

Maid Ps 123:2

• “Is there a place for women in the theology of the Psalms? Part I: An investigation into the female imagery of the ancient Hebrew Psalter” by Helen Efthimiadis, (pp. 33-56) in Old Testament Essays (1999)

Fruitful Wife Ps 128:3

• “Feminist Interpretation of the Psalms” by Melody D. Knowles (pp. 424-436) in The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms (2014)

• “Is there a place for women in the theology of the Psalms? Part I: An investigation into the female imagery of the ancient Hebrew Psalter” by Helen Efthimiadis, (pp. 33-56) in Old Testament Essays (1999)

Daughters Compared to Pillars Ps 144:12

• “Feminist Interpretation of the Psalms” by Melody D. Knowles (pp. 424-436) in The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms (2014)

• “Is there a place for women in the theology of the Psalms? Part I: An investigation into the female imagery of the ancient Hebrew Psalter” by Helen Efthimiadis, (pp. 33-56) in Old Testament Essays (1999)

Young and Old Women Ps 148:12

• “Feminist Interpretation of the Psalms” by Melody D. Knowles (pp. 424-436) in The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms (2014)

• “Is there a place for women in the theology of the Psalms? Part I: An investigation into the female imagery of the ancient Hebrew Psalter” by Helen Efthimiadis, (pp. 33-56) in Old Testament Essays (1999)

PROVERBS

Mother Prov 1:8; 4:3

• “Wise and Counselling Women in Ancient Israel: Literary and Historical Ideals of the Personified Hokmâ” by Silvia Schroer, (pp. 67-84) in A Feminist Companion to Wisdom Literature, ed. Athalya Brenner (1995)

Wife Prov 5:18-19; 12:4

• “The Women in the Book of Proverbs: Woman Wisdom Versus Woman Folly” by Scott Ventureyra

Prostitute Prov 6:26; 7:10; 23:27; 29:3

• ​​“The Double Standard, Men as Victims of Adultery, Prostitution, and Jesus: A Look at Proverbs 6:26” blog post by Sarah J. O’Connor (July 7, 2020)

• Smooth Words: Women, Proverbs, and Performance in Biblical Wisdom by Carole Fontaine (2002)

Wisdom's Servant Girls Prov 9:3

• “January: Valor” (pp. 74-95) in A Year of Biblical Womanhood: How a Liberated Woman Found Herself Sitting on Her Roof, Covering Her Head, and Calling Her Husband “Master” by Rachel Held Evans (2012)

Gracious Woman Prov 11:16

• “The Honour of a Gracious Woman,” (p. 117) in Proverbs and Ecclesiastes: Introduction and Commentary by Edgar Jones (1961)

Beautiful Woman Prov 11:22

• ​​“October: Gentleness” (pp. 1-20) in A Year of Biblical Womanhood: How a Liberated Woman Found Herself Sitting on Her Roof, Covering Her Head, and Calling Her Husband “Master” by Rachel Held Evans (2012)

Wise Woman Building Her House Prov 14:1

• “How to build your spiritual home according to scripture – Proverbs 14:1” blog post by SaRatta Murphy (April 13, 2020)

• ​​“Wise and Counselling Women in Ancient Israel: Literary and Historical Ideals of the Personified Hokmâ” by Silvia Schroer, (pp. 67-84) in A Feminist Companion to Wisdom Literature, ed. Athalya Brenner (1995)

Daughters Prov 27:27; 31:15

• “January: Valor” (pp. 74-95) in A Year of Biblical Womanhood: How a Liberated Woman Found Herself Sitting on Her Roof, Covering Her Head, and Calling Her Husband “Master” by Rachel Held Evans (2012)

Girl Prov 30:19

• “Maidenhood and Virginity in Ancient Israel” by Clyde M. Miller (1979)

• “Proverbs 30:18-23” by Peter Leithart (February 4, 2011)

Maid, Mistress Prov 30:23

• Smooth Words: Women, Proverbs, and Performance in Biblical Wisdom by Carole Fontaine (2002)

• “Proverbs 30:18-23” by Peter Leithart (February 4, 2011)

Mother of King Lemuel Prov 31:1-9

• “King Lemuel’s Mother: The Other Proverbs 31 Woman” by Margaret Mowczko (July 19, 2012)

• “Lemuel’s Mother: Praiseworthy Advisor and Model” by Jackina Stark in Christian Standard (July 1, 2021)

• “My Problem with the ‘Proverbs 31 Woman’” by Elize M. Edwards (August 13, 2015)

• “The Proverbs 31 Woman” Episode 167 of Christian Feminist Podcast (May 15, 2022)

ECCLESIASTES

Concubines of David Eccl 2:8

• “Qoheleth 2:1-26: A Test: Is Pleasure Hevel?” (pp. 17-35) in Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes) by Lisa Michele Wolfe (2020)

Mother's Womb Eccl 5:15; 11:5

• “Ecclesiastes 11:5 Meaning of Path of the Wind” blog post by Natalie Regoli (April 14, 2020)

• “Qoheleth 4:1-5:20[19]: From Hevel to Carpe Diem and Much in Between” (pp. 63-83) in Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes) by Lisa Michele Wolfe (2020)

Woman Who is a Trap Eccl 7:26-28

• “Some Observations on the Figurations of Woman in Wisdom Literature’ by Athalya Brenner, (pp. 50-66) in A Feminist Companion to Wisdom Literature (1995)

• “Qoheleth 7:15-29: On Wisdom and Women (or Woman Wisdom),” (pp. 99-126) in Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes) by Lisa Michele Wolfe (2020)

Wife Eccl 9:9

• “Qoheleth 9:7-18: Carpe Diem and Related Imperatives,” (pp. 141-150) in Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes) by Lisa Michele Wolf (2020)

Women Who Grind Eccl 12:3

• “The Allegory of Bodily Decay in Ecclesiastes” on Schmoop (2008)

• “Qoheleth 10:1-12:14: Closing Advice and Epilogue,” (pp. 151-165) in Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes) by Lisa Michele Wolfe (2020)

Women Looking Through Windows Eccl 12:3

• “The Allegory of Bodily Decay in Ecclesiastes” on Schmoop (2008)

• “Qoheleth 10:1-12:14: Closing Advice and Epilogue,” (pp. 151-165) in Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes) by Lisa Michele Wolfe (2020)

SONG OF SOLOMON

Woman/Lover/Shulammite Song of Solomon

• “Shulamite: Bible” by Chana Bloch in Jewish Women’s Archive

• “The Shulammite’s Burning Bush: Passion, Im/Possibility and the Existence of God in Song 8.6 and Exodus 3” by Fiona C. Black (pp.59-81) in A Critical Engagement: Essays on the Hebrew Bible in Honour of J. Cheryl Exum (2011)

• “The Bride (The Shulamite) in Song of Solomon (Song of Songs)” in Schmoop Study Guides

• “Song of Songs” by Marie Hause, Episode 113 of The Christian Feminist Podcast (November 8, 2019)

Maidens Song 1:3; 6:8-9

• “Maidenhood and Virginity in Ancient Israel” by Clyde M. Miller (1979)

Daughters of Jerusalem, Zion Song 1:5-6; 2:7; 3:5, 10-11; 5:8-9, 16; 8:4

• “The Daughters of Jerusalem in Song of Solomon (Song of Songs)” Schmoop Study Guide

Mother of Woman/Lover/Shulammite Song 1:6; 3:4; 6:9; 8:1-2

• ​​“Ruth and the Song of Songs: A Paradigm of Mother and Daughter Love” (pp. 67-75) in Stories of Biblical Mothers: Maternal Power in the Hebrew Bible by Leila Leah Bronner (2004)

• ​​“To Bear, to Teach: the Mother Image in the Song of Songs” by Benjamin Segal (pp. 43-55) in Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women’s Studies and Gender Issues (2000)

Mother of Solomon Song 3:11

• ​​“To Bear, to Teach: the Mother Image in the Song of Songs” by Benjamin Segal (pp. 43-55) in Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women’s Studies and Gender Issues (2000)

Queens and Concubines Song 6:8-10

• “The Message of the Song of Songs” by J. Paul Tanner (1997)

• “The Song of Songs and the Garden of Eden” by Francis Landy (1979)

• “The Song of Songs” by Paul Brians

Mother of Male Lover Song 8:5

• ​​“To Bear, to Teach: the Mother Image in the Song of Songs” by Benjamin Segal (pp. 43-55) in Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women’s Studies and Gender Issues (2000)

LAMENTATIONS

Grieving Girls Lam 1:4; 2:10

• ​​“Lamentations: The Volatile Voice of Grief” blog post by Whitney Woollard on BibleProject (2019)

• “Grieving Girls” (pp. 333-334) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

Fallen and Captive Young Women Lam 1:18; 2:21; 3:51

• “Hiding Behind the Naked Women in Lamentations: a Recriminative Response” by Deryn Guest (1999)

• “Lamenting the Fallen City” by David Hulme (2020)

• “Fallen and Captive Young Women (and Men)” (p. 334) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

Mothers and Widows Lam 2:12; 5:3

• “Lamentations the Widow” Shmoop Study Guide

• “Lamenting the Fallen City” by David Hulme (2020)

• “Mothers and Widows” (p. 334) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

Mother Cannibalizing Their Daughters Lam 2:20; 4:10

• “Parents Eating Their Children–The Torah's Curse and Its Undertones in Medieval Interpretation” by Dr. Wendy Love Anderson

Raped Women and Virgins Lam 5:11

• “Raped Women and Virgins” (p. 335) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• “Rape as a Military Metaphor in the Hebrew Bible” (pp. 308-325) by Pamela Gordon and Harold C. Washington in A Feminist Companion to the Latter Prophets (1995)

• “Tragedy, Tradition, and Theology in the Book of Lamentations” (pp. 29-60) by F.W. Dobbs Allsopp in Journal for the Study of the Old Testament (1997)

• “Hiding Behind the Naked Women in Lamentations: a Recriminative Response” by Deryn Guest (1999)

DANIEL

Wife and Concubines of Belshazzar Dan 5:2-3, 23

• “The Last King of Babylon” by Michael J. Gruenthaner (1949)

• “Wives and Concubines of Belshazzar” (pp. 340-341) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001

• “Concubine Versus Married Woman in the Bible” by Tom Hobson (October 5, 2017)

Queen (of Babylon) Dan 5:10-12

• “Some Observations on the Figurations of Woman in Wisdom Literature’ by Athalya Brenner, (pp. 50-66) in A Feminist Companion to Wisdom Literature (1995)

• “Queen (of Babylon)” by Ross S. Kraemer (pp. 341-342) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• “The Last King of Babylon” by Michael J. Gruenthaner (1949)

Wives of Daniel's Accusers Dan 6:24

• “‘Life in a Lions’ Den’ (Daniel 6:1-28)” by Keith L. Reynolds

• “Wives of Daniel’s Accusers” by Ross S. Kraemer (p. 342) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

Daughter of the King of the South Dan 11:6-7

• “Book of Daniel Chapter 11” Shmoop Study Guide

• “Daughter of the King of the South” (pp. 342-343) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• The Prophet Daniel: A Key to the Visions and Prophecies of the Book of Daniel by Arno Clemens Gaebelein (1945)

Wife of the King of the South Dan 11:17

• “Book of Daniel Chapter 11” Shmoop Study Guide

• “Wife of the King of the South” (pp. 343-344) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• The Prophet Daniel: A Key to the Visions and Prophecies of the Book of Daniel by Arno Clemens Gaebelein (1945)

Women Worshippers of an Unnamed Deity Dan 11:37

• ​​“Book of Daniel Chapter 11” Shmoop Study Guide

• “Women Worshippers of an Unnamed Deity” (p. 344) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)